Astigmatism
Astigmatism is a common refractive error of the eye that affects how light enters the eye, causing blurred or distorted vision. Normally, the cornea (the clear, front surface of the eye) and the lens are smoothly curved and evenly shaped, like a perfectly round ball. In astigmatism, these structures are irregularly shaped — more like a football or the back of a spoon.
This irregular curvature causes light to focus unevenly onto the retina at the back of the eye, leading to blurred vision at various distances. People with astigmatism may experience difficulty seeing fine details, both up close and far away. Symptoms can include eyestrain, headaches, and squinting.
Astigmatism can occur alongside other refractive errors such as nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia), or it can be present on its own. It is usually diagnosed during a comprehensive eye exam and can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. Treatment aims to refocus light properly onto the retina, improving vision clarity and reducing symptoms.
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